The current views on the structure and function of biological membranes, the role of their lipid, protein and carbohydrate components in the maintenance of cell vital activity are summarized. The up-to-date model of a biological membrane structure as nanocompartmentalized fluid in which lipids and proteins undergo anomalous diffusion has been examined. An attention is paid to the theory of the lipid raft existence as nanoscale membrane domains. The analysis of literature and research results on the nanonature of ion channels, patterns of nanoparticle effects on the biological membrane has been carried out. The data on the structure and function of a biological membrane and the impact of nanoparticles on it are basic to create new highly therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and to study the toxicological properties of nanoobjects.
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Іван Сергійович Чекман (2012) studied this question.
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