A Comparative Evidence-Based Assessment of Training-Simulator Software and Hardware: A Modular, Human-Centred Research Framework in the Qw-18 Context

This article presents a comparative analysis of existing software and hardware solutions used in training simulators for man-portable air-defense system operators. The study examines the main features of the Stinger Simulator, I-STPTv2, Igla-2 Trainer, and 9F635M1 field simulator based on available technical information. Particular attention is given to simulator functionality, instructor control, virtual environments, data collection, performance assessment, and system flexibility. Based on the comparative analysis, a modular intelligent training simulator architecture for the QW-18 system is proposed. The proposed architecture consists of six interconnected functional modules organized into three main layers. The study also considers the potential application of artificial intelligence for analyzing training results and supporting individual learning. The proposed approach provides a theoretical and methodological basis for the further development and evaluation of modern training simulators.