The Significance of Using Engineered Biochar in the Reclamation of Saline Soils for Carbon Sequestration and the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Soil salinization is a major environmental and agricultural challenge that reduces soil productivity, disrupts nutrient cycling, and limits the sustainable use of land resources. Engineered biochar has emerged as a promising soil amendment for saline soil reclamation because of its porous structure, carbon-rich composition, and capacity to influence soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. This article examines the role of engineered biochar in enhancing soil organic carbon storage and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions during saline soil reclamation. Particular attention is paid to biochar production conditions, feedstock selection, salinity and sodicity management, carbon persistence, soil respiration, and nitrous oxide and methane fluxes. The article also discusses the importance of life-cycle assessment, field-scale validation, and context-specific application strategies. It argues that the climate benefits of engineered biochar depend on its stability, production technology, application rate, soil characteristics, irrigation regime, and potential effects on greenhouse gas fluxes. Integrating engineered biochar into saline soil reclamation may support soil restoration and climate-change mitigation when supported by appropriate agronomic practices and rigorous carbon accounting.