Digitalizing ecological justice: A comparative study of algorithmic due process and administrative accountability in Indonesia and the Netherlands

The rapid digitalization of environmental governance, exemplified by the One Map Policy in Indonesia and the Omgevingsloket in the Netherlands, marks a significant shift toward data-driven spatial management. While these platforms enhance administrative efficiency, existing scholarship largely focuses on their technical utility, creating a critical research gap regarding the legal accountability and procedural transparency of these automated systems. This study employs a qualitative-normative comparative legal approach to address three research questions: How do digital platforms influence public participation? To what extent does the absence of algorithmic due process facilitate administrative opacity? And what institutional mechanisms are required to align digital systems with ecological justice? The analysis reveals that technological integration in both nations often prioritizes procedural speed over environmental protection, resulting in a systemic gap in resolving ecological crises such as peatland degradation and nitrogen pollution. By applying the Rule of Law 5.0 framework, this study demonstrates that algorithmic transparency and institutional accountability are essential prerequisites for ensuring that digital governance does not regress from constitutional environmental protections. The findings conclude that effective ecological justice necessitates the institutionalization of algorithmic due process, transforming digital platforms from mere instruments of administrative speed into tools for inclusive, legally binding public participation.