Central Nervous System Vasculitis Mimicking Glioma in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

A patient with ulcerative colitis presented with progressive memory impairment and alexia, with brain imaging showing a mass-like lesion mimicking glioma. Histopathology confirmed central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis. The patient's memory and reading ability improved and finally recovered following corticosteroid treatment, with no recurrence during the long-term follow-up. The case report and literature review highlight that clinicians should consider CNS vasculitis in patients with ulcerative colitis and tumor-like brain lesions.