A review of multi-objective optimization on industrial architectural heritage for conservation and sustainable development

The conservation and sustainable development of industrial architectural heritage (IAH) have become growing priorities under “Dual Carbon” goals. This review synthesizes literature around three interrelated objectives: multi-dimensional value conservation, environmental performance enhancement, and low-carbon transition. Research has maintained steady growth, with 4.8% publications in 2006–2009 (Initial stage), 34.6% in 2010–2018 (Fluctuating ascent stage), and 60.6% in 2019–2025 (Rapid development stage). Seven hotspot clusters indicate shift towards comprehensive and technological heritage regeneration. Four thematic dimensions reveal trajectories about hierarchical intervention, simulation-based optimization of physical environment, low-carbon strategy under different logics, and multi-objective paradigm in heritage context. After identifying major limitations, it outlines future directions for IAH and provides integrated framework for multi-objective optimization in broader heritage buildings.