Hollow bowl‑like MXene/FeNi3 heterostructures for electromagnetic wave absorption and photo‑thermo‑electric conversion

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Driven by the rapid advancement of modern electronic and wireless technologies , multifunctional electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) materials are urgently demanded in radar camouflage, 5G/6G communications and energy utilization. However, traditional EMA absorbers face a critical challenge in reconciling the inherent trade-off between high-efficiency absorption and multifunctional integration. Inspired by bioinspired architecture, we construct an open hollow bowl-like MXene/FeNi 3 heterostructure that enables precise modulation of interfacial charge distribution, thereby triggering synergistic effects among interfacial charge transport, oxygen vacancy defects and magnetic interaction. Benefiting from these merits, the optimized MXene/FeNi 3 achieves extraordinarily EMA performances with a minimum reflection loss (RLₘ i ₙ) of − 61.44 dB, an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.31 GHz at 1.91 mm, and a Radar Cross section value of − 45.36 dB·m 2 . Furthermore, MXene/FeNi 3 exhibits outstanding photo-thermo-electric conversion performance, attaining a steady surface temperature of 56.7 °C upon 1-sun illumination, maintaining photothermal stability for over 6 h under 2-sun irradiation, and achieving an open-circuit voltage of 225.8 mv and a short-circuit current of 38.9 mA under 1-sun illumination. Importantly, this architecture design strategy is readily extendable to other magnetic systems, including Co, CoFe, CoNi, and FeCoNi, establishing a versatile platform for next-generation multifunctional integrated EMA materials.