Theoretical and methodological perspectives on the interrelation of authenticity and trustworthiness in human‑agent interaction

Contemporary research on human-agent interaction (HAI) has raised a number of social and ethical concerns over the authenticity and trustworthiness of computer-based agents with high degrees of apparent agency (e.g., chatbots, voice assistants, recommender systems, social robots). Although it is important to address these concerns in pursuit of successful HAI, researchers often examine authenticity and trustworthiness as distinct concepts rather than closely related aspects of a single issue. Based on our analysis of the conceptual relationship between authenticity and trustworthiness, we argue that they should be considered interrelated dimensions, as they are both situated phenomena. We also present a roadmap detailing how to study the authenticity and trustworthiness of computer-based agents for HAI applications, which are already a feature of daily life. Through this delineation of suggested approaches and methodological decisions, we propose exploring perceptions of two concepts on individual and institutional levels across both technologically embodied and non-embodied agents. Moreover, we argue for a more interaction-centered approach that considers how these phenomena emerge during everyday encounters between people and computer-based agents.