Middle leaders’ acceptance and use of artificial intelligence in China

School leaders are increasingly integrating generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into their leadership practices. However, little is known about how middle leaders accept and use this technology. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model, this study examines middle leaders’ acceptance and use of GenAI in school settings. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 488 middle leaders in China and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that perceived ease of use has a significant positive effect on both perceived usefulness and intention to use GenAI. Perceived usefulness also positively predicts intention to use and partially mediates the relationship between perceived ease of use and intention. The findings highlight the need for leadership and policy development that moves beyond initial technology adoption toward sustained and meaningful use, particularly in strengthening artificial intelligence literacy in school leadership practice.