False data injection attacks in smart grids: a review

The integration of advanced information and communication technologies into modern power grids has transformed them into complex cyber-physical systems, commonly referred to as smart grids. This evolution has enhanced grid efficiency and sustainability but has also introduced cybersecurity vulnerabilities, particularly to false data injection attacks (FDIAs). FDIAs involve the malicious manipulation of sensor data and measurements, posing a threat to the integrity of grid operations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of FDIAs in smart grids, categorizes attack strategies, analyzes their impacts on grid stability and reliability, and evaluates existing detection and mitigation strategies. We also discuss the challenges associated with defending against sophisticated FDIAs and propose future research directions to enhance the resilience of smart grids against these evolving cyber threats.