Electric kick scooters are becoming popular for short-distance applications on campuses, in industrial facilities and in gated communities, but their electrical demand and integrated low-cost operational functions are not fully addressed. A 350 W brushless direct-current hub motor, a 36 V, 4.4 Ah lithium-ion battery pack and a Hall-sensor-based controller with 120° six-step trapezoidal commutation were developed. A battery voltage–current data logger, a preliminary rider-mass-based theoretical range-estimation approach and a mobile application prototype were also developed. The gate states and phase-terminal voltage responses were simulated in MATLAB/Simulink R2021b, while preliminary hardware testing confirmed motor operation. The maximum observed motor speed was 1753 rpm, and the minimum was 1632 rpm. During partial charging and load-based discharging, the battery voltage and current were recorded by the data logger. Average currents of 3.88, 7.40 and 8.30 A were recorded in three pilot trials involving rider masses of 60, 80 and 140 kg, respectively. Assuming nominal battery energy and an average speed of 15 km/h, the corresponding theoretical ranges were calculated as 17.01, 8.92 and 7.95 km. These results demonstrate battery voltage–current acquisition by the data logger and provide descriptive pilot observations across the rider-mass cases; they do not establish a validated predictive or causal relationship between rider mass and actual scooter range.
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Bopaiah et al. (2026) studied this question.
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