Electron--cyclotron maser observable modes

We investigated wave amplification through the Electron-Cyclotron-Maser mechanism. We calculated absorption and emission coefficients without any approximations, also taking into account absorption by the ambient thermal plasma. A power-law energy distribution for the fast electrons was used, as is indicated by X-ray and microwave observations. We developed a model for the saturation length and amplification ratio of the maser, scanned a large parameter space, and calculated the absorption and emission coefficients for every frequency and angle. Previous studies concluded that the unobservable Z-mode dominates in the nu_p \~ nu_B region, and that millisecond spikes are produced in the region nu_p / nu_B<0.25. We find that the observable O-mode and X-mode can produce emission in the 0.8