21st Century Food: How AI is Conquering Earth and Space

Artificial intelligence has become established in the food industry, with a presence both in conventional production methods and in programs designed to address the needs of space. It enhances sustainability and ethical considerations by increasing production efficiency and tackling challenges such as data protection. From a technological perspective, AI relies on Big Data and predictive models to process massive amounts of information. Among these technologies are neural networks and fuzzy logic, which make it possible to improve processes that were previously difficult to manage with conventional methods. The application of AI in logistics and consumption control facilitates a more organized and efficient distribution. Likewise, its innovative nature enables progress in the creation of foods tailored to different requirements, improves automation processes, and extends product preservation through strategies such as encapsulation. However, along with these advances, concerns also emerge, particularly those related to data privacy and the effects that automation could have on employment. In response to these challenges and opportunities, this review synthesizes recent advances in the use of artificial intelligence in terrestrial and space food systems. The study is based on a systematic literature review in Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, focusing on articles from the past decade. Unlike other reviews, it links artificial intelligence with emerging technologies to project future scenarios in safety, traceability, and personalization.