The effects of organo-mineral nutritional regimes on malus domestica productivity and microbiological markers in southeast Kazakhstan

This study evaluates the effects of organo-mineral fertilization systems combined with biological preparations on the productivity and soil microbiological indicators of Golden Delicious apple trees in southeastern Kazakhstan. Using a randomized block design, six fertili-zation variants— including organic, bioorganic, and mineral treatments - were applied to irrigated light brown soils with low organic matter content. Results demonstrated that treatments with biohumus and BioSok Energy Plus significantly increased yields (39–64%,) sugar content (0.5–1.9%), dry matter (0.8–1.5%), and fruit shelf life compared to controls. Additionally, these treat-ments enhanced the abundance of beneficial soil microorganisms, indicating improved soil biological activity and structure. The findings suggest that integrating organic and bioorganic fertilizers with mineral nutrition promotes sustainable orchard productivity by boosting soil fertility and microbiocenosis, thereby supporting long-term soil health and sustainable horticultural practices in arid regions.