Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk for hematologic malignancies: a multicenter propensity score-matched analysis

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become central to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, with indications now extending to cardiovascular risk reduction, renal protection, and liver disease [ 1 ]. As utilization of these agents continues to grow, thorough characterization of their long-term safety profile, including potential effects on malignancy risk, remains a priority [ 2 ]. Preclinical evidence indicates that GLP-1RAs exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, including suppression of NF-κB signaling and modulation of immune cell function, which could theoretically influence hematopoiesis and lymphomagenesis [ 2 , 3 ]. Nevertheless, clinical data evaluating the relationship between GLP-1RA use and hematologic malignancy risk are sparse.