Does happiness matter? Subjective well-being and metabolic determinants of hypertension in postmenopausal women

Hypertension is a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly among postmenopausal women. commonly linked to hormonal changes and the influence of interacting metabolic disturbances and psychological factors. This study aimed to examine the association between subjective well-being and metabolic determinants (body mass index, cholesterol, and uric acid) with hypertension among postmenopausal women. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach on 119 respondents among postmenopausal women in Jaticempaka, Pondok Gede. Data on blood pressure, body mass index cholesterol, uric acid levels, and subjective well-being were collected. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate Chi-Square test), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) analyses with a 95% confidence level. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 60.5%. Subjective well-being was significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.001), metabolic variables (BMI, cholesterol and uric acid) were also significantly associated (p:0.020,p:<0.001,p:0.001) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that subjective well-being was the strongest predictor of hypertension (AOR = 7.43). Conclusion: Subjective well-being plays a crucial role in hypertension among postmenopausal women, exceeding the contribution of metabolic risk factors. Integrating psychosocial interventions into hypertension prevention strategies may enhance outcomes in this population.