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Affordable and accessible vital sign sensing technologies are increasingly needed for monitoring Pulse Rate (PR), Respiration Rate (RR), Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2), Perfusion Index (PI), and Pulse Rate Variability (PRV) indices to support early detection of cardiorespiratory abnormalities anytime, anywhere. Applications such as home-based spot health checks, wellness monitoring, vital surveillance, and remote healthcare services require low-cost and user-friendly solutions. Modern smartphones are widely available, equipped with high-resolution cameras, powerful processors, large storage capacity, and wireless connectivity.
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Narayanan et al. (2026) studied this question.
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