Key result
Hypertensive pregnancies were associated with significantly lower serum iron (42.31 vs 105.65 µg/dL) and elevated magnesium, potassium, sodium, and kidney function markers compared to controls.
Why the study?
The relationship between serum mineral levels, kidney function, and hypertension across pregnancy trimesters in hypertensive pregnancies remains unclear.
Case-Control (n=70)
No
Hypertensive pregnancies are associated with significant iron deficiency, elevated serum electrolytes, and reduced kidney function compared to healthy pregnancies, underscoring the importance of monitoring these parameters in prenatal care.
Gestational hypertension links to mineral and renal shifts; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
Background: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy increase maternal and fetal health risks. Altered levels of essential minerals and impaired kidney function may contribute to these conditions. However, their relationship with blood pressure across different pregnancy trimesters remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the association between serum mineral levels, kidney function, and hypertension, and to compare these parameters between the first and third trimesters in hypertensive pregnancies. Materials and Methods: A case control study was carried out at Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Anbar Governorate, Iraq, after October 15 till December 15, 2024. The study involved 70 pregnant women aged 25–45 years including; 35 with hypertension (cases) and 35 normotensive controls. Blood samples were obtained, and serum levels of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na) and kidney function markers (creatinine, urea) were assessed. Statistical comparisons were performed using independent t-tests, with significance defined as p ≤ 0.05. Results: Hypertensive women exhibited significantly lower serum iron levels (42.31 ± 4.26 µg/dL vs. 105.65 ± 14.21 µg/dL; p < 0.001) and elevated Mg, K, and Na (1.905 ± 0.509 mg/dL, 4.812 ± 0.409 mmol/L, 145.17 ± 4.51 mmol/L, respectively) compared to controls (Mg: 1.504 ± 0.241 mg/dL; K: 3.901 ± 0.341 mmol/L; Na: 130.71 ± 7.09 mmol/L; p < 0.001). Kidney function markers were significantly impaired in the hypertensive group (creatinine: 0.912 ± 0.141 mg/dL vs. 0.618 ± 0.106 mg/dL; urea: 47.69 ± 2.39 mg/dL vs. 28.91 ± 3.91 mg/dL; p < 0.001). No significant differences in mineral levels were observed between first- and third-trimester hypertensive women. Conclusions: Hypertensive pregnancies are associated with marked iron deficiency, elevated Mg/K/Na levels, and reduced kidney function compared to healthy pregnancies. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring mineral homeostasis and renal health in prenatal care to mitigate hypertension-related complications. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate trimester-specific dynamics.
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Ahmed et al. (2026) conducted a case-control in Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (n=70). Hypertension during pregnancy vs. Normotensive pregnancy was evaluated on Serum iron levels (µg/dL) (p=< 0.001). Hypertensive pregnancies were associated with significantly lower serum iron (42.31 vs 105.65 µg/dL) and elevated magnesium, potassium, sodium, and kidney function markers compared to controls.
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