Rehabilitation in patients with coexisting cardiovascular diseases and frailty syndrome. Expert opinion of the Section of Prevention and Epidemiology, Polish Cardiac Society

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Review. Population: Cardiovascular diseases and frailty syndrome. Intervention: Comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation.

Małgorzata Kupisz-Urbańska; Małgorzata Kurpesa; Anna Kawińska-Hamala; Ewa Straburzyńska‐Migaj; Wiktoria Niegowska; Piotr Bandosz; Agata Magdalena Bielecka-Dabrowa; Paweł Burchardt; Krzysztof Chlebus; Piotr Dobrowolski; Aleksander Prejbisz; Daniel Śliż; Karol Kaminski; Agnieszka Młynarska; P J Piotr Jankowski

doi:10.33963/v.phj.114119

September 3, 2026Kardiologia PolskaOpen Access

Rehabilitation in patients with coexisting cardiovascular diseases and frailty syndrome. Expert opinion of the Section of Prevention and Epidemiology, Polish Cardiac Society

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Key Points

To provide clinical guidance and consensus recommendations on assessing and managing cardiovascular rehabilitation in patients presenting with coexisting cardiovascular disease and frailty syndrome.
Synthesized evidence and established clinical consensus on cardiovascular rehabilitation protocols for patients with heart disease and frailty.
Identified and reviewed clinical frailty and sarcopenia screening tools feasible for routine inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation settings.
Frailty syndrome coexists in 25% to 62% of patients with cardiovascular disease, but rehabilitation participation declines sharply with age, reaching less than 2% in patients aged 90 years and older in programs such as KOS-Zawał.
Cardiovascular rehabilitation attenuates frailty progression and reduces complications, yet patients with advanced frailty face frequent exclusion and lower adherence.
Experts recommend rapid 3- to 5-minute frailty screening coupled with functional muscle assessments, including handgrip dynamometry, the Timed Up and Go test, and the 5× chair stand-up test.

Structured PICO

P

Population

Patients with coexisting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and frailty syndrome (FS).

I

Intervention

Comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation (including physical activity, nutrition, psychological support, and pharmacotherapy optimization).

This expert opinion emphasizes that frail patients with cardiovascular disease require comprehensive, multidisciplinary rehabilitation tailored to their specific functional and cognitive capacities to improve outcomes and prevent further decline.

Limitations

Limited prospective data on cardiovascular rehabilitation in patients with frailty syndrome
Widespread implementation of telerehabilitation is limited by older adults' low familiarity with advanced technologies

Implication

May support rehabilitation in frail CVD patients; leaves open confirmation by randomized trials.

Abstract

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Discussion

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Cite This Study

Kupisz-Urbańska et al. (2026) conducted a review in Cardiovascular diseases and frailty syndrome. Comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation was evaluated. Comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation is strongly recommended for patients with coexisting cardiovascular diseases and frailty syndrome to improve physical function and reduce adverse outcomes.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ad1158200741cc3fba7d4f6 https://doi.org/10.33963/v.phj.114119

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Rehabilitation in patients with coexisting cardiovascular diseases and frailty syndrome. Expert opinion of the Section of Prevention and Epidemiology, Polish Cardiac Society

Key Points

Structured PICO

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Rehabilitation in patients with coexisting cardiovascular diseases and frailty syndrome. Expert opinion of the Section of Prevention and Epidemiology, Polish Cardiac Society

Key Points

Structured PICO

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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