Various subgenera have been proposed, among other features the absence of a canine in the angle of the mouth in the type species has been used to justify this, while the genus Julis Cuvier, 1814, generally assigned only sub-generic rank, covers a fairly well defined group with distinctly smaller scales. In this latter group the following Indo-Pacific species have been proposed: (1) gaimard Quoy & Gaimard, 1824, Hawaii. (2) greenovii Bennett, 1829, W. Pacific. (3) formosa Bennett, 1834, Ceylon. (4) pulcherrima Gunther, 1862, East Indies. (5) frerei Gunther, 1866, Zanzibar.
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J.L.B. Smith (2026) studied this question.
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