Bimingan granule (BMGG) alleviates nasal inflammation by correcting Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cell imbalance in allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory nasal disorder characterised by CD4+ T-cell subset imbalances, particularly disrupted Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 ratios. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of Bimingan Granule (BMGG), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, in both in vitro and in vivo AR models. In TNF‑α/LPS‑stimulated HMC‑1 mast cells, BMGG suppressed abnormal cell viability and modulated the expression of Th1/Th2‑associated cytokines, elevating IFN‑γ and IL‑2 levels while downregulating IL‑4 and IL‑5 secretion. In ovalbumin‑sensitized AR mice, oral BMGG (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) alleviated nasal symptoms, inflammatory cell infiltration and histopathological damage, while regulating IL‑17, TGF‑β, IL‑10 and Foxp3 to correct Treg/Th17 imbalance and restore systemic Th1/Th2 homeostasis. These findings demonstrate that BMGG mitigates AR allergic inflammation by modulating CD4+ T cell–mediated immune disorders, supporting its potential as an effective therapeutic agent. Further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to verify its safety and clinical value.