Characterization of the Temporal Response Profile of Carbon Black−Polymer Composite Detectors to Volatile Organic Vapors

The relative differential resistance responses of carbon black−poly(ethylene- co -vinyl acetate) (PEVA) composite vapor detectors were evaluated in response to short rise time (<2 ms for a 17 ms pulse length) square pulses of acetone, n -hexane, methanol, 2-propanol, or toluene, in a background of synthetic air. The use of ultrathin films, along with a rapid vapor delivery system, facilitated measurement of the rapid time response available from this exemplary carbon black−polymer composite chemiresistive film for the detection of common organic vapors. Detectors formed from very thin (<200 nm) PEVA−carbon black composites produced steady-state responses within 17 ms upon exposure to methanol and produced steady-state responses within 90 ms upon exposure to toluene, acetone, and n -hexane. In accord with Fickian diffusion, the response times of the relative differential resistance of PEVA−carbon black detectors to analyte exposures were proportional to the square of the film thickness, l, in the range 510 ≤ l ≤ 5700 nm. Additionally, the relative differential resistance versus time profiles of PEVA−carbon black detectors were well fit by a simple finite difference model based on Fickian analyte diffusion, using a single analyte diffusion coefficient, for a variety of different film thicknesses and analyte concentrations.