Knowledge and perception of Mpox among sexual and gender minorities in Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey

Background/objectives The 2022 global mpox outbreak revealed newer epidemiologic trends with mpox predominantly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM). This discovery underscores a critical need to understand mpox knowledge among sexual and gender minorities (SGM) in mpox high-burden countries such as Nigeria, where stigma hinders open health communication. We assessed mpox knowledge and perceptions among SGM groups in Nigeria to provide evidence for mitigating barriers to mpox preventive measures in high-risk populations. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey conducted from August 1st to December 6th 2024 using a self-administered electronic-based questionnaire. The questionnaire covered socio-demographics, mpox knowledge and perceptions. Knowledge and perception scores were determined using a 50% threshold and categorised as “Good” or “Poor” based on questions item summation. Results There were 113 valid respondents aged 18 - 60 years old. Seventy-eight (69.0%) identified as males, 23 (20.4%) as females, 8 (7.1%) as non-binary, 3 (2.7%) as transgender females, and 1 (0.9%) did not specify. Majority (69, 61.1%) were unaware of the modes of mpox transmission. Frequent hand washing, and condom use were recognised as ways to prevent mpox by 54(47.8%) and 49(43.4%) persons respectively. Only 69 (61.1%) identified that mpox can be treated, and 68 (60.2%) did not consider themselves at risk of mpox. Overall, 102 (90.3%) had a good perception of mpox, with only tertiary educational status being independently associated with good mpox perception. Conclusion This study revealed that most SGMs in Nigeria have limited knowledge of mpox despite good perception. Enhancing public knowledge among them is essential for mpox prevention and control in Nigeria.