From compliance to competence: a multi-level model for AI governance in undergraduate medical education

AI's fast-paced irruption in medicine and education has challenged undergraduate medical colleges, with institutions documenting policies emphasizing immediate conduct restrictions, while strategic oversight, infrastructure and evaluation remain less consistently developed. We propose a multi-level framework for AI governance in undergraduate medical education based on accountability, competence and co-responsibility across institutions, educators and students, designed to turn a fast-evolving technology from a threat into an opportunity for collective progress.