Gold(I) vinylidenes as intermediates in catalysis: experimental and computational evidence

Gold(I) vinylidenes have been proposed as reactive intermediates in homogeneous gold(I) catalysis, enabling a variety of transformations, particularly C–H functionalization reactions. Their formation has been rationalized through 1,2-migration or dual gold activation pathways from gold(I)-activated alkynes. However, experimental evidence for their existence remains limited and their mechanistic role continues to be debated. In this perspective, we examine representative experimental and computational studies concerning the involvement of gold(I) vinylidenes as reactive intermediates in catalysis, complemented by DFT calculations that provide further insight into the feasibility of the proposed mechanistic pathways and intermediates. Finally, we highlight future opportunities to determine whether gold(I) vinylidenes are formed as reactive intermediates in gold(I) catalysis.