vesicles were significantly more abundant in cases than controls at follow-up (p = 0.04). At baseline maternal functioning was inversely associated with several EV subtypes. Finally, the treatment of zebrafish embryos with baseline EVs of cases with low level of anxiety resulted in a significant increase in neutrophil recruitment. This study suggests the existence of a complex interplay between stressful events, maternal mental health and innate immune modulation of infants with an acute infectious disease. New studies are needed to confirm the results of the present research.
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Milani et al. (2026) studied this question.
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