Key result
Higher gut microbiota dietary index linked to ~17% lower CVD risk per 1-point increase.
Why the study?
There were no cohort studies from communities outside NHANES examining the association between dietary index for gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease risk.
Does a higher adherence to a dietary index for gut microbiota reduce the risk of incident cardiovascular disease in adults without a baseline history of cardiovascular disease?
Cohort (n=2,920)
No
Does a higher adherence to a dietary index for gut microbiota reduce the risk of incident cardiovascular disease in adults without a baseline history of cardiovascular disease?
Hazard Ratio: 0.83 (95% CI 0.77–0.89)
p-value: p=<0.001
A dietary pattern with higher potential to promote a favorable gut microbiota composition is associated with a significantly reduced long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in adults.
May support gut microbiota-focused diets for CVD prevention; extends cross-sectional data but leaves causality open pending RCTs.
The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) has been proposed based on studies to represent intestinal microbiome composition and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A few cross-sectional studies from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database have examined the association between DI-GM and the likelihood of CVD; however, there are no cohort studies from other communities. Therefore, this study examined the association between DI-GM and CVD risk using the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) database. This cohort included 2,920 adults (≥ 19 years) without a history of CVD from TLGS (2006–2020). We calculated DI-GM using a food frequency questionnaire and ascertained incident CVD from participants’ medical records. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to assess the association between DI-GM and the risk of CVD. The mean age of participants was 39.3 years, and 55% of them were women. Over a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 233 cases of incident CVD were identified. There was an inverse association between every 1-unit increase in DI-GM and the risk of CVD, with a hazard ratio of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.89). The restricted cubic spline displayed a dose-response relationship between DI-GM and incident CVD. According to the mediation analysis, the direct effect of DI-GM on CVD was independent of weight changes. The results of subgroup analyses indicated that the inverse association between DI-GM and CVD risk is independent of sex and weight. It seems there is an inverse association between DI-GM and the risk of CVD and its subtypes among the adult Iranian population. This association was not mediated by the percentage of weight change over the study period.
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Golzarand et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Cardiovascular disease (n=2,920). Dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) vs. Lower DI-GM score was evaluated on Incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77, 0.89, p=<0.001). Every 1-point increase in the dietary index for gut microbiota was associated with a 17% lower risk of incident cardiovascular disease (HR 0.83), independent of weight changes.
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