Delayed cardiac tamponade diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound in a neonate after peripherally inserted central catheter placement: A case report

BACKGROUND: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have been increasingly applied worldwide owing to many advantages. Even with these advantages, the related complications should not be ignored, especially in neonates. The available evidence about PICC-related thrombosis was manifold, but the cardiac tamponade, an emergency and life-threatening complication, has been rarely reported. Early recognized cardiac tamponade by ultrasound may reduce mortality. CASE SUMMARY: A neonate weighting 2.8 kg was born at 40 wk of gestation. He was admitted to the Surgery Intensive Care Unit due to suspected congenital megacolon. A PICC line was inserted via the left antecubital fossa for the administration of total parenteral nutrition. Three days later, the patient was still on total parenteral nutrition. Cardiac tamponade caused by PICC was found on ultrasound. The patient recovered spontaneously after an emergency pericardiocentesis. CONCLUSION: Proficiency in the use of point-of-care ultrasound may save the life of patients, since it enables clinicians to treat patients faster, more accurately, and in a non-invasive way at the point of care.