Investigation of Inula viscosa Extracts as Potential Sources of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Compounds

Objectives Inula viscosa is a Mediterranean medicinal herb that has long been known to have wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial qualities. It is frequently applied topically as a paste or decoction to treat digestive problems, skin conditions, and diabetes. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate I. Viscosa’s chemical composition, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects using in vitro studies against Candida albicans , Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and various cancer cell lines. Methods Plant extracts were prepared by fractionation technique, using hexane, acetone, methanol and distilled water. The methanolic extracts’ chemical composition has been investigated using an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatograph with UV/VIS detection mass spectrometric method. The antibacterial activity of the extracts (concentrations 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 mg/mL) was assessed against standard strains of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and C . albicans . Additionally, the extracts’ cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines was evaluated at concentrations (500, 300, 100, and 50 µg/mL). Results thirteen compounds were identified in the phenolic profile of I. v iscosa methanol extract. Gram-positive bacteria, such as S . aureus and fungal C. albicans growth were effectively inhibited by I. v iscosa extracts. The I. v iscosa extract was less effective against Gram-negative bacteria such as E . coli and P . aeruginosa . In addition, the extracts demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against against the tested cell lines (Caco-2, Hep-3B, Hela, MCF-7, Hep-G2, LX-2). It significantly reduced the cell viability suggesting a promising in vitro cytotoxicity potential. Conclusion The plant’s medicinal promise is highlighted by its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungus and its encouraging cytotoxic profile. Future research should focus on clarifying the bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action.