Progress in flexible multi-parameter sensing systems: Pressure, temperature, and sweat sensing

The rise of flexible electronics technology is leading a transition from rigid to flexible devices, bringing revolutionary opportunities to fields such as wearable health monitoring, intelligent human-computer interaction, and virtual reality. Among these, flexible multi-parameter sensing, which captures various physical/chemical signals to provide comprehensive and accurate information, has become a cutting-edge research focus. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in three representative flexible sensing modalities: pressure sensing, temperature sensing, and sweat sensing. This review begins by outlining the common foundational technologies for constructing flexible sensors, including key functional materials, mainstream micro/nano fabrication strategies, and general performance evaluation indicator systems. It then delves into the core aspects of each sensing technology in separate modules. Furthermore, advanced strategies for achieving multi-parameter integration are discussed, along with an overview of associated signal processing and wireless data transmission technologies, as well as their frontier system-level applications in areas such as personalized health monitoring and intelligent robotics. Finally, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the current challenges and future development prospects in the field, offering insights for the advancement of next-generation flexible electronic devices.