Multicriteria Decision Making in sustainable cement/concrete applications: a systematic review and conceptual foundation

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Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) is widely used to support complex decisions, yet its application to green material selection in cement and concrete remains limited. This study presents a systematic literature review of recent MCDM applications in construction, with particular emphasis on cement/concrete related decision making. A total of 90 peer reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2025 were critically analysed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Network analysis and critical review indicate that MCDM use in cement and concrete is emerging but methodologically fragmented. Key limitations include inconsistent sustainability criteria, limited consideration of technological, regulatory, organizational, environmental and economic factors, and insufficient justification for method selection. Future research should refine criteria selection, improve the choice of context-appropriate MCDM techniques, and strengthen the treatment of uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, particularly when integrating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into concrete-related decision-making frameworks.