Mapping the Canadian Oncology Physician Workforce: A Review of Training, Distribution, and Systemic Pressures Across Oncology-Related Physician Specialties

Between 1994 and 2020, new cancer cases in Canada increased by 88%, with 40% of the oncology workforce now nearing retirement age. With increasing cancer incidence and an aging workforce, organizations such as the Canadian Association of Provincial Cancer Agencies have expressed concern that Canada's cancer workforce is overstretched, with a need for workforce monitoring. This scoping review investigates the workforce trends and pressures affecting the workforce across key Canadian physician specialties involved in oncology care (surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, hematology, pediatric hematology/oncology, and palliative care). Data were synthesized from a database search and included gray literature or national workforce sources such as the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Distinct patterns, supply-demand imbalances, and emerging solutions to growing issues in each field are reported. We also report on documented strategies already being implemented to help alleviate pressures. Data showed that despite workforce growth, burnout and regional distribution pressures threaten access to Canadian cancer care, demonstrating a need for reallocation of resources.