A simple, highly efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-1 H -imidazoles via one-pot three component condensation of benzil/benzoin, aldehydes and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions has been achieved utilizing Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, (4-sulfobutyl)tris(4-sulfophenyl) phosphonium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst. The remarkable features of this methodology are excellent yields in shorter reaction times, cleaner reaction profile, and environmentally benign nature, use of non-toxic, readily synthesizable, inexpensive and recyclable catalyst.
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Banothu et al. (2013) studied this question.
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