Key result
Low-fiber diet is linked to ~4% of global ischemic heart disease deaths.
Why the study?
Ischemic heart disease is heavily influenced by dietary factors, but the global, regional, and temporal impact of low-fiber diets on IHD burden was not fully assessed.
Observational
A diet low in dietary fiber contributes significantly to the global burden of ischemic heart disease, causing nearly 350,000 deaths in 2019, highlighting the critical need for global public health policies targeting improved dietary fiber intake.
Low-fiber diets drive substantial IHD burden; leaves open whether population interventions reduce events pending prospective data.
AIM: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) represents a major cardiovascular condition heavily influenced by dietary factors. This study endeavors to assess the global, regional, and temporal impact of low-fiber diets on the burden of IHD. METHOD: Leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, we analyzed the worldwide burden of IHD resulting from diet low in fiber using indices including death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). This burden was further segmented based on variables including regions and countries. To track the evolution from 1990 to 2019, we utilized the Joinpoint regression model to estimate the temporal trend of IHD burden stemming from low-fiber diets. RESULTS: In 2019, a total of 348.85 thousand (95%UI: 147.57, 568.31) deaths and 7942.96 thousand (95%UI: 3373.58,12978.29) DALY (95% UI: 707.88, 1818) of IHD were attributed to diet low in fiber globally. These figures correspond to 3.82% of all IHD deaths and 4.36% of total IHD DALYs. The age-standardized death and DALY rates per 100,000 individuals were 4.48 (95% UI: 1.90,7.27) and 97.4(95%UI: 41.44, 158.88) respectively. However, significant regional disparities emerged in these age-standardized rates, with South Asia and Central Asia experiencing the highest rates. Between 1990 and 2019, we observed that most regions displayed a downward trend of the age-standardized DALY and death rate of IHD resulting from low-fiber diets, except for Central Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa. CONCLUSION: Our analysis underscores the substantial toll of IHD associated with low-fiber diets, particularly considering the significant regional variations. Therefore, it is imperative to sustain efforts to implement effective measures aimed at enhancing fiber intake worldwide, particularly in countries with lower socio-demographic indices.
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Wei et al. (2024) conducted an observational in Ischemic heart disease. Diet low in fiber (< 21-22 g daily) vs. Sufficient dietary fiber intake was evaluated on Proportion of total IHD deaths attributable to a diet low in fiber in 2019 (3.82%, 95% CI 1.58%-6.15%). In 2019, a diet low in fiber was globally responsible for 348,850 deaths and 7.94 million disability-adjusted life years, representing 3.82% of all ischemic heart disease deaths.
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