Women’s Participation in Hunting Activities in Quebec: Exploring Potential Obstacles and Recruitment Strategies

Hunting contributes over $2.5 billion annually to Québec’s economy, yet women remain underrepresented, raising concerns about the sector’s sustainability and social legitimacy. This study examines gender differences in barriers to hunting participation, experiences of discrimination, and perceptions of promotional strategies among hunters in Québec. Drawing on Leisure Constraints Theory and an online survey of 257 women and 642 men, results show that women reported greater barriers related to physical fitness, knowledge and skills, and feelings of insecurity, while men reported more barriers related to family obligations and access to hunting territory. Women were also more likely to report discrimination based on gender, age, and experience. Open-ended comments highlighted challenges related to mentorship, practical knowledge, and social acceptance. Women expressed stronger support for inclusive and targeted promotional campaigns and introductory programs. Findings suggest that inclusive communication, female representation, supportive learning environments, and mentorship may strengthen recruitment and retention.