"Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Pyrolle Containing Benzamide Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents"

ABSTRACTA series of novel pyrrolyl benzamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial andanti-tubercular activities. The synthesized compounds were characterized by physicochemical propertiesand spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The pyrrolering was constructed by reacting 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in thepresence of glacial acetic acid to afford 2-hydroxy-4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzoic acid. Subsequent couplingwith appropriate anilines using HBTU and DIEA afforded the corresponding 2-hydroxy-N-substitutedphenyl-4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzamide derivatives (4a–f). The compounds were evaluated for anti-tubercularactivity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). Thesynthesized derivatives exhibited MIC values ranging from 50 to 3.12 μg/mL, compared with pyrazinamide(3.125 μg/mL) and streptomycin (6.25 μg/mL). Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the brothmicrodilution method, with MIC values ranging from 25 to 0.8 μg/mL. Molecular docking studies usingSwissDock and the InhA target (PDB ID: 4TZK) were performed to investigate the binding interactions ofthe synthesized compounds. The results identify pyrrolyl benzamides as promising scaffolds for furtherantimicrobial and anti-tubercular investigation.