Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and acute toxicity of Brugmansia arborea extracts from wild plants and shoots obtained by indirect organogenesis. A thermographic assay to anti-inflammatory evaluation

Inflammation is a condition that affects a large percentage of the population, rendering the search for alternative treatments urgent. Medicinal plant such as Brugmansia arborea has been employed in traditional medicine, it is used to alleviate menstrual pain, acne, promote wound healing, and ease joint pain, headaches, and other ailments. Some alkaloids (mainly atropine, scopolamine, and nor-hyoscyamine) have been described. In this paper, the in-vitro cultivation from leaf explants of B. arborea through indirect organogenesis is described. From wild plants (BA) and shoots (BAB) their extracts were prepared, and were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, identifying 18 main metabolites. Antioxidant activity was assessed with EC 50 = 199.52 and 31.63 mg/mL for BA and BAB, respectively. Boths extracts showed a DL 50 > 2 g/kg and is classified as non-toxic. In Acetylated and Hydrolyzed extracts, acetyl-rutin and kaempferol, respectively were identified. Anti-inflammatory activity was assayed employing carrageenan model. The ED 50 values were < 158.48 mg/kg by BA, BAB, Ac-BA, and H-BA, being more active the hydrolyzed extract (ED 50 = 63.09 and 64.56 mg/kg) for females and male mice. In topical TPA model, the ED 50 value were < 0.47 mg/ear for BA, BAB, Ac-BA, and H-BA. Thermographic analysis is a non-invasive, cheap, effective and reproducible method to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of substances, since it quantifies the increase in temperature in an inflammatory process, so this technique constitutes an alternative in the search for this type of agent. • First Report of Brugmansia arborea production by biotechnology process: In this study we present the conditions for successful in vitro cultivation of B. arborea using leaf explants through indirect organogenesis, providing biotechnological conditions for its propagation. • Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity: Through this research, the anti-inflammatory potential of B. arborea extracts was found, whose ED 50 was similar to the reference drug in the systemic (carrageenan) and topical (TPA) inflammation models- In addition, these extracts presented antioxidant properties • Thermographic Analysis for Inflammation: Thermographic analysis confirmed a correlation between inflammation levels and temperature rise, validating thermography as an effective non-invasive, very cheap and reproducible method to assess inflammation in vivo experimental models.