Research on the Influence of Different Factors on the Minimum Ignition Energy and Flame Propagation Law of HMX

To address the combustion and explosion risks of HMX during production and transportation, this study aims to elucidate the logical correlation throughout the entire process, from the critical ignition boundary to flame propagation evolution. Utilizing an improved visualized Hartmann apparatus, the effects of dust mass concentration, electrode spacing, and ignition energy on the minimum ignition energy (MIE) and flame propagation characteristics were investigated. The results indicate that regarding ignition boundary characteristics, the lower energy limit for zero ignition probability was defined, confirming that MIE decreases with increasing mass concentration and decreasing electrode spacing. In terms of propagation kinetics, the flame evolution exhibits distinct three‐stage characteristics, where the flame front height shows a strong positive correlation with mass concentration. The electrode spacing modulates the flame morphology and arrival delay through initial thermal effects, inducing unique periodic velocity fluctuations at a 6 mm spacing. Furthermore, ignition energy exerts a significant modulatory effect on flame propagation characteristics, following a non‐monotonic evolutionary pattern. As ignition energy increases, the flame front height undergoes slow growth, linear growth, and rapid saturation stages, while the average propagation speed demonstrates a pronounced non‐monotonic response. This study establishes a quantitative correlation framework from critical ignition to full propagation, providing a crucial experimental basis for the safety risk assessment and explosion protection design of HMX.