Geospatial Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Transformations in the Coastal Area of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

Coastal areas represent vital ecosystems in which land use and land cover changes significantly influence ecological balance, economic development and community resilience. Analysis of Sentinel-2 L2A satellite imagery and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data reveals substantial shifts in land categories, such as urban expansion, agricultural modification, and alterations in tree cover. The results indicate a marked increase in built-up areas by 207.05 km², reflecting rapid urbanization, while agricultural land decreased by 170.84 km² due to encroachment. Water bodies and flooded vegetation remained relatively stable, underscoring the importance of sustainable land management. These findings demonstrate the complex relationship between urban development and environmental conservation, providing critical insights for policymakers aiming to balance growth with ecological integrity in coastal regions. Understanding these dynamics is essential for effective coastal management and for strengthening resilience in vulnerable ecosystems.