Origin of Cosmic Rays

An attempt is made to draw a systematic view on the origin of cosmic rays. On the basis of the composition of primary cosmic rays and the galactic radio emission, arguments are presented that the galactic cosmic rays are stored in the galactic halo of spherical shape for the mean lifetime of about 108 years. The local sources of cosmic rays consist of the following two kinds; one is supernovae at which about 10−6 of ejected particles are accelerated to cosmic ray energy and the other is supergiant and red giant stars at which the above ratio seems to be 10−8 – 10−7. The chemical composition of cosmic rays from the latter is equal to that of the interstellar matter, while the former sources are responsible for the overabundance of heavy nuclei in cosmic rays. Our general view is summarized in §1 and detailed discussions on individual problems are made in §§2–5, leaving our more specific problems to Apps, I-VIII. Each section is prepared as independently as possible, and its contents are summarized at the beginning of the section.