The residence time distribution (RTD) in an APV Baker twin-screw extruder was studied by injecting a red color during extrusion of rice flour. the redness color value from a Hunter Colorimeter and the red dye concentration of the ground extrudate were used to determine the RTD of rice flour and RTD spread. the redness color values significantly overestimated the mean residence times and RTD spreads (p < 0.0001). the redness color values cannot replace the red dye concentrations to determine the residence time distribution in a twin-screw extrusion cooking system.
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Peng et al. (1994) studied this question.
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