Multiplexed sensor arrays expand biomedical interfaces by allowing independently recoverable sensing sources to share limited transmission, addressing, readout, acquisition, and computational resources. This Review compares time-, frequency-, spatial-, optical-, code-, and hybrid-multiplexing through a requirement–resource framework. We examine how signal integrity, front-end electronics, calibration, materials, mechanics, power, and data handling constrain source-specific recovery and outline architecture-selection principles for reliable physiological sensing and bidirectional biointerfaces.
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Li et al. (2026) studied this question.
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