Banana starch nanoparticles exacerbate colitis by impairing intestinal barrier integrity in mice

The safety of foodborne nanoparticles has attracted significant attention in recent years. Previous studies have shown that banana-derived starch nanoparticles (BSNs) can disrupt intestinal barrier function and induce low-grade colitis in healthy mice. However, the in vivo role of these BSNs in intestinal inflammation remains unclear. Here, we show that oral exposure to BSNs aggravated the condition of the mice with DSS-induced colitis. Specifically, BSNs shortened colon length, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and exacerbated intestinal barrier damage in mice with colitis. Mechanistic studies revealed that BSNs exacerbated the impairment of tight junction structure and the imbalance of gut microbiota homeostasis. However, native banana starch was shown to alleviate intestinal barrier damage and mitigate colitis by increasing the relative abundances of Akkermansia and Oscillospira . Our findings demonstrate that individuals with colitis or bowel dysfunctions should exercise caution when consuming food rich in resistant starch to minimize potential adverse health effects.