Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is a flexible wireless communication technology in which many signal-processing functions are implemented through software. This paper presents a literature-based review of SDR architecture, I/Q signal representation, sampling, digital signal processing, modulation, and software frameworks such as GNU Radio. It discusses applications in wireless communication research, spectrum sensing, cognitive radio, satellite communication, and Internet of Things experimentation. The paper also examines technical limitations related to hardware performance, processing speed, synchronization, security, and regulatory compliance. This work is based on existing literature and technical documentation and does not claim original experimental measurements.
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Arpit Arpit Nimesh (2026) studied this question.
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