Ultrasound‐assisted temperature‐controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction combined with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples

A rapid and sensitive ultrasound‐assisted temperature‐controlled ionic liquid (IL) dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction (UTILDLPME) combined with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (RPLC‐UV) was developed for the determination of five organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs; azinphos‐methyl, chloropyriphos, parathion‐methyl, diazinon, and phosalone) in water samples. Parameters including IL type, IL volume, ionic strength, sonication time, heating/cooling temperature, centrifugal time, and speed were investigated. The extraction procedure was induced by the formation of cloudy solution, which was composed of 75 μL of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4MIM]PF6) dispersed entirely into 5 mL sample solution with the assistance of ultrasound for 3 min and temperature at 40°C. Under optimal conditions, linearity of the five OPPs was obtained in the range of 0.09–200 ng/mL with correlation coefficients of 0.998 or more. Limits of detection and limits of quantitation ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 ng/mL and from 0.05 to 0.4 ng/mL, respectively. Compared with conventional microextraction techniques, the proposed UTILDLPME exhibited the highest extraction efficiency ranging between 90 and 98% for targeted OPPs. Furthermore, the proposed UTILDLPME/RPLC was successfully applied to different water samples (tap, well, and lake water) showing relative recoveries ranging from 96.9 to 103.2%. Therefore, UTILDLPME/RPLC‐UV could be a simple, rapid, sensitive, and efficient routine technique for determination of OPPs in water.