Intelligent packaging film based on canna starch modified with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from golden melon peel ( Cucumis melo L.) incorporating roselle anthocyanin

The development of eco-friendly intelligent packaging has attracted considerable attention due to increasing concerns regarding food safety and environmental sustainability. In this study, an intelligent packaging film based on canna starch reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) derived from golden melon peel ( Cucumis melo L.) and incorporated with roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) anthocyanin extract (RAE) was developed as a pH-responsive freshness indicator for vannamei shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ). The isolated MCC exhibited a crystallinity index of 64.45 %, confirming successful removal of amorphous regions. RAE incorporation imparted pH-sensitive color-changing properties, transitioning from red/orange under acidic to yellow-green under alkaline conditions. Visual observation during shrimp storage revealed that the 0.06 % RAE film exhibited the earliest color response, with visible edge discoloration at 12 h corresponding to TVB-N levels approaching the safety threshold (24.89 ± 0.37 mg N/100 g), while 0.02 % and 0.10 % RAE films showed no visible changes at the same time point. Increasing RAE concentration increased film thickness, moisture content, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability, while reducing tensile strength and water solubility. TVB-N and pH measurements confirmed shrimp remained fit for consumption up to 12 h at room temperature. The developed films demonstrate strong potential as sustainable intelligent packaging for real-time freshness monitoring of vannamei shrimp.