Spatial Patterns and Driving Mechanisms of Coupling Coordination Between Urban Expansion and Urban Resilience: Evidence From Multi‐Source Geospatial Data

With the rapid acceleration of urbanization, understanding the coordination between urban expansion (UE) and urban resilience (UR) has become critical for achieving sustainable urban development. However, the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of the coupling coordination between UE and UR remain insufficiently understood. This study develops a multi‐source geospatial analysis framework by integrating remote sensing data and socioeconomic statistics to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution, spatial correlation, and influencing factors of UE‐UR coupling coordination in Shandong Province, China, from 2002 to 2022. Urban built‐up areas were extracted using a modified lighting index integrating nighttime light, vegetation, and thermal information, while a multidimensional indicator system was established to evaluate UR. The coupling coordination degree (CCD) model and random‐effects Tobit model were further applied to reveal the spatial characteristics and driving mechanisms of UE‐UR coordination. The results showed that: (1) The built‐up area of Shandong Province expanded by 3821 km 2 during 2002–2022, while the expansion rate and intensity gradually declined, with the center of gravity of built‐up areas shifting southwestward. (2) UR exhibited an overall increasing trend, although significant spatial disparities remained among cities. (3) The CCD between UE and UR continuously improved, with Qingdao reaching 0.616 in 2022. Spatial correlation analysis revealed increasingly strengthened linkages among cities, while urbanization level, industrial structure, and government regulation significantly promoted UE‐UR coordination. This study provides new insights into understanding the spatial interaction between urban growth and resilience enhancement and offers practical implications for sustainable urban planning and resilient city development.