Blockchain integration in maritime logistics: identifying key factors and implementation roadmap

This study identifies 35 critical drivers of blockchain adoption in maritime logistics and develops a structured 10-level implementation roadmap. The factors are classified across nine dimensions and modelled using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling, with MICMAC analysis determining their driving and dependence powers. The resulting hierarchy proposes a sequential transition system from technological infrastructure to managerial, stakeholder, and regulatory integration. The roadmap is validated through real-world maritime blockchain cases, including both successful implementations and a failure-based diagnostic analysis. The findings translate fragmented theoretical insights into an operational, stage-based framework, providing practical guidance for blockchain-driven digital transformation in maritime logistics.