Enhancing Transparency in Cash Waqf Management for Islamic Educational Institutions: A Blockchain-Based Framework

Financing Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, particularly pesantren, often faces challenges in financial sustainability. Cash waqf holds great potential as a self-financing solution with an annual value of IDR 180 trillion, yet its realization remains low due to a public trust crisis regarding transparency in fund management by Nazhir. This study aims to design a blockchain-based cash waqf management framework where Islamic educational institutions are positioned as the primary beneficiaries receiving transparent and accountable fund flows. Using literature review and regulatory analysis of PMA No. 14 of 2025, this research proposes the integration of smart contracts to automate the distribution of waqf funds directly to educational programs such as scholarships and facility development. Findings indicate that the use of a distributed ledger allows real-time fund tracking by donors (wakif), significantly increasing public participation and ensuring the financial stability of Islamic educational institutions.