Cognitive control training across obsessive–compulsive and cannabis use disorders: mapping an emerging transdiagnostic evidence gap

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Background Cannabis use disorder is associated with high relapse rates and impairments in cognitive control, working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. Cognitive Control Training (CCT) may complement established treatments, while evidence from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may provide transdiagnostic insights.Objectives To synthesize evidence on CCT in cannabis use disorder, using OCD as a comparator to examine training paradigms, cognitive and clinical transfer, and methodological limitations.Methods A PRISMA-guided systematic mapping review included randomized, quasi-experimental, and pilot studies involving diagnosed cannabis use disorder or OCD. Outcomes were categorized as near-transfer (task-specific cognitive gains) or far-transfer (substance use, craving, symptoms, or functioning). Risk of bias was assessed using standard tools.Results Cannabis use disorder studies primarily examined adjunctive working memory training. Near-transfer effects were consistent, whereas far-transfer to cannabis-related outcomes was mixed, although some objective indicators suggested potential benefits. OCD studies demonstrated broader cognitive improvements but similarly inconsistent symptom changes.Conclusions CCT is not established as a stand-alone treatment for cannabis use disorder. Further trials should evaluate its adjunctive efficacy, clinically meaningful transfer, relapse vulnerability, and integration with established psychosocial interventions.